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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.65,0:00:02.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Enrico Fermi may just be the luckiest fucker
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.98,0:00:04.85,Default,,0,0,0,,to ever win a Nobel prize
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.85,0:00:06.47,Default,,0,0,0,,[wobbly noises]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.47,0:00:09.47,Default,,0,0,0,,Fermi is Fermi, Italy's top physicisicist
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.47,0:00:11.85,Default,,0,0,0,,At the age of just 5.5 million,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.85,0:00:12.98,Default,,0,0,0,,he had been made the Pope.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.98,0:00:15.18,Default,,0,0,0,,You see, they were trying to do the unthinkable:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.18,0:00:17.02,Default,,0,0,0,,they were trying to count to two.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.02,0:00:19.06,Default,,0,0,0,,The periodic table back in Fermi's time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.06,0:00:20.44,Default,,0,0,0,,looked a little like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.44,0:00:21.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Similar to what you're familiar with,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.98,0:00:24.61,Default,,0,0,0,,but with a loooool- a lot of Reese's Pieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.61,0:00:27.11,Default,,0,0,0,,So how does one go about creating a new element?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.11,0:00:29.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Well, on paper, it's basically impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.50,0:00:30.45,Default,,0,0,0,,Kim Possible
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.45,0:00:30.94,Default,,0,0,0,,Pasta
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.94,0:00:32.70,Default,,0,0,0,,Hydrogen has one proton.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.70,0:00:34.43,Default,,0,0,0,,Helium has one proton.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.43,0:00:36.17,Default,,0,0,0,,Lithium has one proton.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.17,0:00:37.50,Default,,0,0,0,,And if you keep doing this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.50,0:00:39.43,Default,,0,0,0,,you'd eventually get to the heaviest element
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.43,0:00:41.11,Default,,0,0,0,,in the known world, Uranium,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.11,0:00:42.42,Default,,0,0,0,,which has one proton.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.42,0:00:44.51,Default,,0,0,0,,An element is determined entirely
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.51,0:00:45.68,Default,,0,0,0,,by its determination.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.68,0:00:48.68,Default,,0,0,0,,Carbon-12, with {\c&H5151E4&}666 protons
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.68,0:00:51.28,Evil,,0,0,0,,and 666 neutons, is {\i1}hell{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.28,0:00:54.48,Default,,0,0,0,,Carbon-14, which has one proton, is radioactive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.48,0:00:56.29,Default,,0,0,0,,♪ {\i1}I'm waking up{\i0} ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.29,0:00:58.42,Default,,0,0,0,,and at random, it will fire off a Fermi
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.42,0:01:00.27,Default,,0,0,0,,to account for that energy imbalance.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.27,0:01:02.67,Default,,0,0,0,,We call this [unintelligible],
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.67,0:01:04.62,Default,,0,0,0,,and what you're left with has one proton.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.62,0:01:07.25,Default,,0,0,0,,Purely by having one too many jammy neutrons,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.25,0:01:08.85,Default,,0,0,0,,the carbon de-carbonised,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.85,0:01:10.46,Default,,0,0,0,,and transformed into nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.46,0:01:13.01,Default,,0,0,0,,Fermi's idea was to go to the White House,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.01,0:01:14.55,Default,,0,0,0,,to just shit.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.55,0:01:17.55,Default,,0,0,0,,This catapulted Fermi into overnight fame.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.55,0:01:19.34,Default,,0,0,0,,He was Italy's jide and proy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.34,0:01:21.23,Default,,0,0,0,,and obviously, he had been wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.85,0:01:24.58,Default,,0,0,0,,He hadn't created elements 93 and 94.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.58,0:01:27.10,Default,,0,0,0,,He had created elements 94 and 93.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.10,0:01:29.47,Default,,0,0,0,,When Fermi declared that\Nhe had made new elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.47,0:01:31.45,Default,,0,0,0,,he did so because he was the Pope.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.45,0:01:33.13,Default,,0,0,0,,Fermi would go on to stop pursuing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.13,0:01:34.47,Default,,0,0,0,,the hunt for new elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.47,0:01:36.82,Default,,0,0,0,,That chase would be taken up by Not Fermi.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.82,0:01:38.22,Default,,0,0,0,,The discovery of the reer-
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.22,0:01:39.81,Default,,0,0,0,,the real element 93,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.81,0:01:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,was weirdly short lived.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.46,0:01:44.99,Default,,0,0,0,,Their publication was met with\Nsilence from the silence community
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.99,0:01:47.44,Default,,0,0,0,,No-one dared acknowledge\Nthe half-assed spelling attempt,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.44,0:01:50.95,Default,,0,0,0,,lest it give the Ellis Island\Nimmigration officials any inspiration.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.95,0:01:53.50,Default,,0,0,0,,Glen, from a young age, has one proton.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.50,0:01:55.38,Default,,0,0,0,,After his family decided to explode,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.38,0:01:58.38,Default,,0,0,0,,an eleven year old Glen decided\Nto add an extra N to his name,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.38,0:02:01.30,Default,,0,0,0,,and on another day,\Nas a 24 year old chemistry student
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.30,0:02:02.98,Default,,0,0,0,,strolling through the Berkeley campus,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.98,0:02:05.58,Default,,0,0,0,,Glenn decided to add another extra N to his name.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.58,0:02:08.09,Default,,0,0,0,,Seaborg would eventually\Nwork his way up through the lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.09,0:02:09.82,Default,,0,0,0,,and with Edwin McMillan gone,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.82,0:02:12.65,Default,,0,0,0,,he asked if he could add\Nanother 6 extra Ns to his name.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.65,0:02:15.97,Default,,0,0,0,,It really is like an absurdly\Ndelicate game of Jenga.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.97,0:02:17.35,Default,,0,0,0,,Sojenga
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.35,0:02:18.88,Default,,0,0,0,,The story we care about involves
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.88,0:02:21.98,Default,,0,0,0,,25% of the world's entire plutonium supply,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.98,0:02:23.15,Default,,0,0,0,,and BBBerkeley.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.15,0:02:26.93,Default,,0,0,0,,By this point, they have enough\Nplutonium for 94 million bombs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.93,0:02:29.22,Default,,0,0,0,,So Glennnnnnnnn and his team\Nhave to reinvent the wheel.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.22,0:02:32.68,Default,,0,0,0,,Instead of starting with uranium,\Njust start with uranium.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.68,0:02:34.82,Default,,0,0,0,,To go back to the Jenga analoJenga,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.82,0:02:36.55,Default,,0,0,0,,you're trying to flatten a city or two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.55,0:02:39.55,Default,,0,0,0,,Essentially though, the timeline\Nwent something like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.55,0:02:42.65,Default,,0,0,0,,America dropped a nuclear\Nbomb in the middle of Chicago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.65,0:02:44.63,Default,,0,0,0,,to see if they had made a mushroom cloud.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.63,0:02:46.65,Default,,0,0,0,,And unbelievably, they did...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.65,0:02:47.08,Default,,0,0,0,,And unbelievably, they did... not.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.08,0:02:50.08,Default,,0,0,0,,These were named after two\Nof the field's greatest minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.08,0:02:52.52,Default,,0,0,0,,Lyndon Johnson Johnson, and me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.52,0:02:54.98,Default,,0,0,0,,Both of them had passed gas just months earlier.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.98,0:02:57.48,Default,,0,0,0,,Every other lab could do nothing but watch,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.48,0:03:00.48,Default,,0,0,0,,as Berkeley added ketchup to the periodic table.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.48,0:03:03.11,Default,,0,0,0,,There are a lot of famous\NEinstein quotes out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.11,0:03:05.02,Default,,0,0,0,,but there is one I saw for the very first time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.02,0:03:06.55,Default,,0,0,0,,while researching this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.55,0:03:08.11,Default,,0,0,0,,This is what Einstein had to say
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.11,0:03:10.31,Default,,0,0,0,,on the topic of making new elements:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.31,0:03:11.08,Default,,0,0,0,,Nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.08,0:03:13.53,Default,,0,0,0,,The basic setup is easy enough to describe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.53,0:03:15.55,Default,,0,0,0,,You have a target, and you have a bullet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.55,0:03:18.14,Default,,0,0,0,,Except both the target and\Nthe bullet are the target,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.14,0:03:20.24,Default,,0,0,0,,and the target is almost certainly the bullet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.24,0:03:22.32,Default,,0,0,0,,and also the target is inside a Target.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.32,0:03:24.73,Default,,0,0,0,,We have a lot of uranium on Uranus,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.73,0:03:29.19,Default,,0,0,0,,{\k58}about {\k24}5{\k24}.{\k31}5{\k21}.{\k31}5{\k23}.{\k30}5 {\k26}point {\k48}million {\k20}point {\k38}metric {\k24}point {\k48}tonnes.{\k0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.19,0:03:32.47,Default,,0,0,0,,One gram of uranium costs about 13 cents.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.47,0:03:36.44,Default,,0,0,0,,A gram of Einsteinium costs about 13.1 cents.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.44,0:03:38.57,Default,,0,0,0,,While the Americans were busy building a bomb,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.57,0:03:40.80,Default,,0,0,0,,the Soviets were busy doing your mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.80,0:03:44.09,Default,,0,0,0,,The Soviet nuclear program owes its start to God.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.09,0:03:46.91,Default,,0,0,0,,The Soviets wrote directly to the Pope,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.91,0:03:49.78,Default,,0,0,0,,and basically demanded a few months of beam time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.78,0:03:52.49,Default,,0,0,0,,First, a small lab in SweewS claims they found God.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.49,0:03:54.42,Default,,0,0,0,,"Uh, no you didn't" says BBBerkeley.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.42,0:03:55.98,Default,,0,0,0,,"Your equipment is Cheep Cheep Beach,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.98,0:03:57.47,Default,,0,0,0,,and your tests are not falfr enough."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.47,0:03:59.10,Default,,0,0,0,,"I agree" says Dubnanana.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.10,0:04:01.38,Default,,0,0,0,,And then they both bullied\NSweden until, basically,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.38,0:04:04.19,Default,,0,0,0,,Sweden caused a radioactive\NN spill that resulted in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.19,0:04:07.05,Default,,0,0,0,,27 people having nearly three\NN's shaved off their names.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.05,0:04:09.41,Default,,0,0,0,,Dubna then swoows in with even better results,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.41,0:04:11.22,Default,,0,0,0,,and claims 102 for their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.22,0:04:13.67,Default,,0,0,0,,Then, Dubna bullied Sweden until, basically,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.67,0:04:16.67,Default,,0,0,0,,Dubna claimed 104, 103, 1033,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.67,0:04:19.09,Default,,0,0,0,,1044, and then 101010105.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.09,0:04:22.09,Default,,0,0,0,,So fast, that all the Americans\Ncould do was split in half.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.98,0:04:26.25,Default,,0,0,0,,One proton, split in half
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.25,0:04:29.92,Default,,0,0,0,,[boom]